Abstract: When ultrasonic waves propagate in water bodies, they are affected by various environmental factors, which consequently reduces the accuracy and stability of the suspended sediment concentration measurement system based on ultrasonic attenuation.Therefore, based on one-dimensional ultrasonic data, this study analyzed the relationship between multiple factors affecting the ultrasonic sensor, and proposes a multi-factor fusion calculation model for suspended sediment concentration.An analysis was conducted on the internal factors of the ultrasonic sensor, focusing on the effects of ultrasound amplitude, frequency, and probe spacing on sediment concentration measurement, aiming to find the optimal settings for these parameters.Corresponding exploration experiments were designed considering the influences of environmental factors such as water body and equipment temperature, suspended solids medium and concentration, water flow rate and water depth.The research results show that it is found that the input signal amplitude and output of the ultrasonic probe have a linear relationship within a certain range.If the ultrasonic frequency and the probe spacing are selected too large or too small, it will have an adverse effect on the received ultrasonic amplitude, thereby affecting the measurement accuracy of the sediment content in suspended mass.The suspended solids medium and its concentration, temperature, water flow rate and ultrasonic readings all show a linear relationship.Among them, the suspended solids medium has a significant impact on the measurement of sediment content in suspended matter, the segmented fitting results of ultrasonic readings and suspended solids concentration under the two media of Yellow River sediment and Gaoling red soil are 0.997 0 and 0.992 5 respectively.