Abstract: To study the relationship between water environment and economic development in Jiangxi Province, by selecting the economic and environmental data of Jiangxi Province from 2007 to 2021, the relationship between water pollution and economic decoupling development in Jiangxi Province was analyzed, and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) econometric model was established.The decoupling analysis results show that in the past 15 years, the water environment pollution and economic development in Jiangxi Province are mainly in the weak decoupling stage, that is, with the rapid economic growth and the slow growth of water pollution.Through the analysis of EKC curve, it is found that the EKC curves of industrial wastewater, industrial ammonia nitrogen and industrial chemical oxygen demand all show a downward trend and an inverted "U" shape, indicating that there is no major contradiction between industrial wastewater discharge and economic development in Jiangxi Province, and the overall trend is gradually coordinated; However, the EKC curve of domestic ammonia nitrogen shows an obvious positive "N" shape.The pressure between domestic wastewater discharge and economic development remains, and coordination has not yet been achieved.Moreover, domestic ammonia nitrogen discharge has reached the peak, and gradually shows a downward trend with the growth of per capita GDP.On the whole, Jiangxi Province performs well in water pollution treatment, and the treatment effect of industrial wastewater is better than that of domestic wastewater.